What Are Charged Particles in Matter CBSE NCERT Notes for Class 9 Science Chapter 4 Structure Of The Atom
CBSE NCERT Notes for Class 9 Science Chapter 4 Structure Of The Atom
Chapter 4 Structure of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science At skillyogi, the Atom gives students with answers to all of the questions in the NCERT Class 9 textbook, which is aligned with the CBSE board.
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CBSE Class 9 Science notes will assist students in studying the topic thoroughly and clearly.
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Charged Particles in Matter
Charged particles are particles that have an electric charge. In general, when two objects are rubbed together, they become electrically charged. This indicates that the atom contains some charged particles or that the atom is composed of some charged particles.
Electrons and protons are two such particles.
Discovery of Electrons
By 1900, it was established that the atom was not a simple, indivisible particle but comprised at least one subatomic particle—the electron, which was discovered by 1.1. Thomson while conducting cathode ray experiments with a discharge tube.
In the experiment, a low-pressure gas was collected in a glass discharge tube. Two electrodes (metal plates) were attached to the discharge tube’s ends and connected to a battery for high voltage supply. The electrode attached to the negative end was referred to as the cathode, while the electrode connected to the positive end was referred to as the anode.
He discovered a stream of negatively charged particles, named cathode rays since they emerged from the cathode, during this experiment. Electrons were the name given to these negatively charged particles.
Electrons are charged negatively and are indicated by the symbol ‘ e-. An electron has a charge of —1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb. Due to the fact that this charge is believed to be the smallest, the charge on e– is assumed to be —1. An electron has a mass of 9.1 x 10-3 kg.
Discovery of Protons
- Although an atom is electrically neutral, the creation of cathode rays shows that all atoms include negatively charged electrons. As a result, atoms must also include some positively charged particles to balance the electrons’ negative charge. This was the reason for discovering protons.
- E. Goldstein identified the existence of new radiations known as canal rays or anode rays in 1886, before the electron’s discovery.
When a high voltage is put between the electrodes, these rays are visible moving from the anode to the cathode in a specially built discharge tube (with a porous cathode). - The porous cathode is applied to generate a route for the anode rays to travel through. It was this finding that resulted in the discovery of another subatomic particle, the proton.
- Protons are positively charged subatomic particles represented by the symbol ‘p +’.
The charge on a proton is similar to +1.6 x 10 -19 Coulomb and is thus considered to be positive. A proton has a mass of 1.6 x 10 -27 kg. Protons have a mass roughly 2000 times that of electrons.